The Community Information Clearinghouse (CIC) is the second phase of a six-year effort of the Urban Coalition providing grass roots organizations, community groups and non-profits with information about their communities. The CIC provides these groups with data, maps and other information resources necessary to address issues facing their communities and specializes in access to public data including the U.S. Census, city and county records. The project is funded by the Bush Foundation, McKnight Foundation, Northwest Area Foundation, and the St. Paul Foundation. CIC services are usually free of charge.
The CIC also works on information access and policy issues to ensure that communities of color and low-income communities have equal access to public information. Staff serve on the Government Information Access Council and collaborate with other organizations to monitor legislation and policy changes affecting the public's right to public information.
Anyone interested in information or services from the CIC should contact Allan Malkis or Pete Rode at 348-8550.
Trends in Northeast Minneapolis - Executive Summary
This report examines changes in the population of the 13 neighborhoods of Northeast Minneapolis between 1980 and 1990. The topics included range from the age of Northeast residents to the percentage of workers employed as laborers, and from the number of people in poverty to the percentage of households without vehicles.
This report shows that there have been some changes between 1980 and 1990.
* The age distribution of the population is changing as the Baby Boom generation ages and the "boomlet" of young children under age 10 has appeared.
* Poverty rates increased in most neighborhoods, though they declined for seniors.
* Residents in 1990 were less likely to be living in the same home for five years than in 1980.
* There were fewer households without vehicles in 1990 than 1980, though 25 percent of households in some neighborhoods still lack cars or trucks.
* Northeast neighborhoods continue to be ethnically diverse, with both long-term ethnic neighborhoods, as well as recently arrived immigrants, people of color, and other newcomers.
* Housing stock in Northeast is older than the city average.
* White collar workers are slightly less common than the city average.
* Unemployment in Northeast is lower than the city average, ranging to a high of 9%.
* The percentage of homeowners in Northeast is higher than the city overall, though there are extreme variations across neighborhoods.
Most of the information reviewed here comes from 1980 and 1990 Census data prepared for the City of Minneapolis by the Census Bureau. The 1980 data were printed in a report called "1980 Minneapolis Neighborhood Statistics." The 1990 data are available as computer-readable files from the Minneapolis Planning Department and other sources.
A companion report prepared by Fremont Community Health Services adds considerable detail on health service needs in Northeast. For copies of this report, please contact Fremont Community Health Services at 588-9411.
Table of Contents
Topic Page
Executive Summary i
Table of Contents ii
Population by Age 1
Racial & Ethnic Make-up 3
Residents with Disabilities 5
Long Term Residents 8
Poverty 9
Employment 14
Immigrants 18
Households Without Vehicles 19
High School Graduates 20
Housing Information 22
Maps & Tables Page
Northeast Neighborhood Map (Map 1) iii
Population Change by Age, 1980-1990 (Table 1) 1
Population by Age, 1990 (Table 2) 2
Racial & Ethnic Make-up (Table 3) 3
Residents of Color (Map 2) 4
Work Disability Rates (Table 4) 6
Senior Disability Rates (Table 5) 7
Long Term Residents (Table 6) 8
Poor and Near Poor (Table 7) 10
Poverty Rates (Table 8) 11
Poverty Rates (Map 3) 12
Seniors in Poverty (Table 9) 13
Full Time Workers (Table 10) 14
Laborers (Table 11) 15
White Collar Workers (Table 12) 16
Employment Data (Table 13) 17
Immigrants (Table 14) 18
Households Without Cars (Table 15) 19
High School Graduates (Table 16) 21
Homeowner Data (Table 17) 23
Homeowners by Neighborhood (Map 4) 24
Median Rents (Table 18) 25
Median Rents (Map 5) 26
Housing Age Data (Table 19) 27
Population by Age
Two general trends are evident in the changing age structure of the population of Northeast Minneapolis. As the tables on the following pages show, between 1980 and 1990 nine of thirteen neighborhoods had increases in the number of children under age 10. Waite Park had an increase of 187 children under age 10, while Bottineau had the largest decline with a decrease of 97. The number of people in the 15-19 and 20-24 age ranges also decreased in most cases. At the same time, there was an increase in the number of people age 25-44, the "Baby Boom" generation. Waite Park and Windom Park had increases of 579 and 608 residents respectively in this age range. Decreases in population occurred in all neighborhoods in the 55-64 age range, and ten of the neighborhoods had declines in the 45-64 age range. These trends are also seen in the Northeast and Minneapolis totals.
The number of seniors (residents age 65 and over) shows no clear pattern across the 13 neighborhoods. Half of the Northeast neighborhoods (7) had increases in the population of seniors over 75, while only four had increases in the number of seniors between 65 and 74.
Table 1. Population Change by Age, 1980-1990
Change 1980-90
NEIGHBORHOOD Under Age 10 Age 10-19 Age 20-24 Age 25-44 Age 45-64 Age 65+ Total
Audubon Park 70 -335 -138 401 -244 21 -225
Beltrami 54 42 -87 220 -69 -15 145
Bottineau -97 26 -55 125 -54 -32 -87
Columbia 56 -135 -96 83 -77 41 -128
Holland -12 -113 -258 311 -250 -64 -386
Logan Park 152 -110 -142 258 -131 -67 -40
Marshall Terrace 42 -53 -96 88 -69 -3 -91
Northeast Park 36 -63 -28 112 -57 -14 -14
Sheridan 85 -318 4 295 -508 56 -386
St. Anthony East 53 -17 53 219 -46 30 292
St. Anthony West -9 -68 -102 176 21 139 157
Waite Park 187 -345 -236 579 -696 109 -402
Windom Park 2 -246 -112 608 -226 -236 -210
Northeast Total 619 -1,735 -1,293 3,475 -2,406 -35 -1,375
Minneapolis Total 7,783 -9,308 12,414 30,445 -9,610 -9,484 -2,588
Table
2. Population by Age, 1990
1980 Age
Groups
NEIGHBORHOOD Under Age Age Age Age Age Age Total
10 10-19 20-24 25-44 45-64 65+
Audubon Park 718 821 608 1725 1137 915 5924
Beltrami 125 135 195 290 169 82 996
Bottineau 290 125 142 312 259 193 1321
Columbia 212 277 189 455 457 180 1770
Holland 554 503 557 1120 842 609 4185
Logan Park 254 276 303 596 350 508 2287
Marshall 151 198 171 344 323 231 1418
Terrace
Northeast Park 83 108 101 194 151 122 759
Sheridan 359 535 311 767 930 308 3210
St. Anthony 170 212 205 458 396 377 1818
East
St. Anthony 176 195 273 626 446 418 2134
West
Waite Park 565 823 514 1443 1740 1107 6192
Windom Park 609 719 653 1605 1116 1272 5974
Northeast 4266 4927 4222 9935 8316 6322 37988
Total
Minneapolis 40996 47438 50192 113900 61395 57030 370951
Total
1990 Age
Groups
NEIGHBORHOOD Under Age Age Age Age Age Age Total
10 10-19 20-24 25-44 45-64 65+
Audubon Park 788 486 470 2126 893 936 5699
Beltrami 179 177 108 510 100 67 1141
Bottineau 193 151 87 437 205 161 1234
Columbia 268 142 93 538 380 221 1642
Holland 542 390 299 1431 592 545 3799
Logan Park 406 166 161 854 219 441 2247
Marshall 193 145 75 432 254 228 1327
Terrace
Northeast Park 119 45 73 306 94 108 745
Sheridan 444 217 315 1062 422 364 2824
St. Anthony 223 195 258 677 350 407 2110
East
St. Anthony 167 127 171 802 467 557 2291
West
Waite Park 752 478 278 2022 1044 1216 5790
Windom Park 611 473 541 2213 890 1036 5764
Northeast 4885 3192 2929 13410 5910 6287 36613
Total
Minneapolis 48779 38130 37778 144345 51785 47546 368363
Total
Racial & Ethnic Make-up of Population
The population of Northeast Minneapolis neighborhoods was over 93% white in 1990. The 2,484 residents of color, however, represent a great increase over the 951 residents of color in 1980. Northeast Minneapolis had the second smallest population of color among the 11 planning communities of Minneapolis in 1990, both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of total population (7%).
American Indians made up the largest community of color with 1,002 Northeast residents, while African Americans made up the smallest community of color with only 527 residents in 1990.
The 13 neighborhoods of Northeast Minneapolis differ among themselves in their percent of residents of color. In Beltrami, over 18% of residents are people of color, compared to only 2.6% in Waite Park. The chart on the next page shows the 1980 and 1990 Census statistics for each neighborhood, and the map on the following page illustrates the relative populations of color in each Northeast neighborhood.
Table 3. Racial and Ethnic Makeup
NEIGHBORHOOD African American Asian White Other Chicano/
1990 Population American Indian Race Latino*
Audubon Park 50 133 69 5,381 34 63
Beltrami 78 81 50 977 16 39
Bottineau 13 44 19 1,065 9 34
Columbia 21 33 15 1,596 9 22
Holland 81 159 62 3,994 32 68
Logan Park 23 69 57 1,673 29 51
Marshall Terrace 11 45 9 1,217 15 37
Northeast Park 10 36 11 661 4 11
Sheridan 57 135 47 2,477 36 56
St. Anthony East 32 53 38 1,856 18 36
St. Anthony West 36 44 102 2,163 14 42
Waite Park 34 31 58 5,561 23 65
Windom Park 81 139 137 5,410 42 93
Northeast Total 527 1,002 674 34,031 281 617
Minneapolis Total 47,948 12,335 15,723 288,967 3,410 7,900
*Chicano/Latino
residents may be of any race
Map 2. Residents of Color (Graphic not included)
Residents With Disabilities
The Census reports the number of people age 16-64 who have a physical or mental disability that limits the type or amount of work they could do.
Table 3 shows that between 1980 and 1990, half of the neighborhoods in Northeast Minneapolis (7) saw decreases in the number of people age 16-64 who reported a disability that affected their ability to work. Six neighborhoods also had a drop in the percentage of people age 15-64 with work disabilities, but they were not always the same neighborhoods. Waite Park saw a decrease of 70 people (21%) with work disabilities, but the proportion of residents with work disabilities only fell 0.67 percent. The largest work disability rate was in Beltrami (15 percent), and the lowest rate was in Northeast Park (5 percent). The highest number of persons with work disabilities lived in Windom Park (485) and the lowest number in Northeast Park (26).
Among people age 65 and over, 1990 Census data show that older residents (75 and above) are more likely to report a limitation than those age 65 to 74 (Table 4). The Census forms in 1990 asked if people had any conditions that limited their ability to care for themselves or to get around outside of the home. Among residents aged 65 to 74, the proportions reporting one or both of these limitations ranged from 10 percent in Audubon Park, Beltrami, Holland and Windom Park to over 25 percent in Columbia, Sheridan and St. Anthony East. Residents aged 75 and over reported limitations at rates ranging from around 20 percent in Columbia and Marshall Terrace to over 50 percent in Beltrami, Bottineau, Logan Park and St. Anthony East. The overall rate of disabilities among seniors age 75 and over in Northeast Minneapolis is considerably higher than that for the city as a whole (37 percent versus 30 percent).
The largest numbers of seniors with limitations lived in Audubon Park (249) and Windom Park (233). The lowest number of seniors with limitations were living in Northeast Park (24) and Columbia (35).
The numbers of seniors in some neighborhoods on this chart do not match the total numbers of seniors reported in Table 2 because this table omits seniors living in institutions.
Table 4. Work Disability Rates
NEIGHBORHOOD Persons Age Percent Persons Age Percent Change Pct. Persons Pct.
Increase
16-64 With With Work 16-64 With With Work with Work Age in Persons
Work Disab. Disability Work Disab. Disability Disability 15-64 With Work
1990 1990 1980 1980 1980-1990 1990 Disability
Audubon Park 389 10.44 300 7.64 2.8 3725 29.7
Beltrami 114 14.88 85 11.63 3.3 766 34.1
Bottineau 90 11.21 91 11.64 -0.4 803 -1.1
Columbia 113 10.37 118 9.36 1.0 1090 -4.2
Holland 322 12.72 296 10.51 2.2 2531 8.8
Logan Park 177 13.53 130 9.11 4.4 1308 36.2
Marshall Terrace 83 9.62 122 12.62 -3.0 863 -32.0
Northeast Park 26 5.24 38 7.48 -2.2 496 -31.6
Sheridan 248 12.92 214 9.28 3.6 1920 15.9
St. Anthony East 158 11.52 177 14.95 -3.4 1371 -10.7
St. Anthony West 105 6.90 127 8.66 -1.8 1522 -17.3
Waite Park 261 7.28 331 7.95 -0.7 3587 -21.1
Windom Park 485 12.55 268 7.07 5.5 3865 81.0
Northeast Total 2571 10.78 2297 9.63 1.2 23847 11.9
Minneapolis 24498 18.84 21368 8.66 10.2 130039 14.7
Total
Table 5. Senior Disability Rates
NEIGHBORHOOD Persons Persons Persons Persons Percent
Age 65-74 Age 65-74 Age 65-74 Age 65-74 Age 65-74
With Mobility With Personal With Both With No With Any
Limitation Care Limitation Limitations Limitations Limitation
Audubon Park 29 0 30 473 11.1
Beltrami 0 0 7 28 20.0
Bottineau 6 22 0 68 29.2
Columbia 6 7 0 123 9.6
Holland 12 39 8 261 18.4
Logan Park 17 11 14 135 23.7
Marshall Terrace 5 12 0 124 12.1
Northeast Park 7 7 7 61 25.6
Sheridan 0 21 24 134 25.1
St. Anthony East 15 21 15 212 19.4
St. Anthony West 11 20 12 174 19.8
Waite Park 42 16 15 639 10.3
Windom Park 51 26 12 378 19.1
Northeast Total 201 202 144 2810 16.3
Minneapolis Total 1386 1048 912 19093 17.5
Persons Persons Persons Persons With Any
Age 75 Plus Age 75 Plus Age 75 Plus Age 75 Plus Percent
With Mobility With Personal With Both With No Limitation
Limitation Care Limitation Limitations Limitations Age 75 Plus
Audubon Park 71 33 72 191 48.0
Beltrami 6 13 0 13 59.4
Bottineau 19 0 26 20 69.2
Columbia 13 0 4 68 20.0
Holland 28 19 13 165 26.7
Logan Park 49 30 0 75 51.3
Marshall Terrace 10 5 4 68 21.8
Northeast Park 7 0 0 19 26.9
Sheridan 28 6 24 127 31.4
St. Anthony East 43 14 23 64 55.6
St. Anthony West 28 7 46 125 39.3
Waite Park 63 46 19 304 29.6
Windom Park 79 44 37 344 31.7
Northeast Total 444 217 268 1583 37.0
Minneapolis Total 2782 1419 2048 14255 30.5
Length
of Residence
The 1990 Census asked people where they lived 5 years earlier. Table 5 reports the number of people who were living in the exact same housing unit in 1985 as they lived in on April 15, 1990. These figures do not show the number of people who may have moved from one unit to another within the same neighborhood.
Overall, Northeast Minneapolis had a decline of 3,743 or 8.33 percent in long-term residents, compared to the decline of 4.42 percent for the city as a whole.
Most of the neighborhoods (11 of 13) saw a decline in the number and percentage of residents who had lived in the same apartment or house for over 5 years. In 4 neighborhoods, the percentage change was from 19 to 36 percent. Only Beltrami (10 percent) and St. Anthony West (9 percent) had increases in the percentage of longer term residents. The largest declines in numbers of long-term residents were noticed in Holland (-981, and 19 percent) and Waite Park (-826, and 9 percent). Northeast Park had the largest decline in percentage of long-term residents (-36 percent). St. Anthony East had a slight increase in the number of longer-term residents, but their percentage decreased by 5 percent because of the increase in population.
The change in Northeast Park is indicative of the overall turnover in population in that neighborhood that is reflected in some of the other statistics we will examine.
Table 6. Long Term Residents
NEIGHBORHOOD Residents Percent Residents Percent Change in Change in Pct.
Over 5 Years Residents Over 5 Years Residents Residents Residents
1980 Over 5 Years 1990 Over 5 Years Over 5 Years Over 5 Yrs
1980 1990 1980-90 1980-1990
Audubon Park 3313 60.21 2925 56.81 -388 -3.4
Beltrami 257 26.09 369 35.83 112 9.7
Bottineau 625 59.75 437 39.80 -188 -20.0
Columbia 1292 72.22 923 62.24 -369 -10.0
Holland 2578 65.37 1597 46.18 -981 -19.2
Logan Park 1172 53.44 696 34.51 -476 -18.9
Marshall Terrace 786 62.68 608 50.04 -178 -12.6
Northeast Park 441 75.26 254 38.78 -187 -36.5
Sheridan 1278 46.90 1037 40.89 -241 -6.0
St. Anthony East 888 52.02 914 46.56 26 -5.5
St. Anthony West 952 49.22 1262 57.92 310 8.7
Waite Park 4337 75.30 3511 66.65 -826 -8.6
Windom Park 3123 55.81 2766 51.49 -357 -4.3
Northeast Total 21042 60.08 17299 51.76 -3743 -8.3
Minneapolis Total 168036 48.29 149853 43.87 -7098 -4.4
Poverty
Poverty rates in general dropped in 9 of the 13 neighborhoods, although the decreases were very small (under 1 percent) in 3 of those. Table 7 and Map 3 show that the percentage of residents in poverty dropped over 9 percent in Beltrami (a decline of 45 poor residents), and increased over 12 percent in Bottineau (an increase of 47 poor residents). The largest numerical increases in poverty were seen in Holland (398) and Logan Park (310), while the largest decrease was in Waite Park (-245). The poverty rate for the Northeast community rose 3.4 percentage points during the decade, compared to an overall rise of 5 percentage points for the entire city.
Table 8 shows that many neighborhoods have almost as many Near Poor residents as those actually in poverty. Those living between 100% and 200& of poverty ("Near Poor") are above the official poverty line, but often experience similar financial burdens. In Bottineau over half of all residents are either poor or near poor. Bottineau and Logan Park have the highest percentage of near poor residents, while Columbia and Waite Park have the lowest percentages. Seven (7) of the 13 neighborhoods have higher percentages of near poor residents than the city as a whole.
Poverty rates among seniors in Northeast generally declined over the decade. Table 9 shows that the poverty rate for seniors declined in 9 of the 13 neighborhoods. The decline was sharpest in Bottineau, where the senior poverty rate dipped by nearly 22 percentage points. The number of seniors in Bottineau dropped from 193 to 161, and the number of poor seniors fell from 47 to 11. In Waite Park and Windom Park, the neighborhoods with the largest senior populations, the senior poverty rates dropped slightly. The rate of poverty for seniors dropped nearly 3.5 percentage points in Northeast Minneapolis, compared to only half of that in the city as a whole (1.73 percentage points).
There are still significant numbers of poor seniors in these 13 neighborhoods. In 1990, 688 Northeast Minneapolis residents over age 64 were living in poverty. The largest numbers were in the Windom Park and Holland neighborhoods. The highest poverty rates were in Holland, St. Anthony East, St. Anthony West and Windom Park. These four neighborhoods had senior poverty rates from 17 to 20 percent. The lowest senior poverty rate was in Northeast Park, with no poor seniors in 1990 compared to 13 percent in 1980. Other low senior poverty rates (between 5 and 7 percent) were reported in Audubon Park, Bottineau, Marshall Terrace and Waite Park. The two neighborhoods with the highest numbers of seniors had diametrically opposite poverty rates: 5 percent in Waite Park and 19 percent in Windom Park.
Table 7. Poverty and Near-Poor
NEIGHBORHOOD Persons in Persons Between Persons Over Percent Percent Between
1990 Poverty Poverty 100-200% of 200% of Poverty Poor 100-200% of Poverty
Poverty
Audubon Park 482 762 4394 8.5 13.5
Beltrami 224 175 732 19.8 15.5
Bottineau 177 359 683 14.5 29.5
Columbia 80 139 1416 4.9 8.5
Holland 932 723 2133 24.6 19.1
Logan Park 599 479 1009 28.7 23.0
Marshall Terrace 176 223 923 13.3 16.9
Northeast Park 101 162 471 13.8 22.1
Sheridan 634 573 1600 22.6 20.4
St. Anthony East 481 427 1202 22.8 20.2
St. Anthony West 278 381 1481 13.0 17.8
Waite Park 116 592 4980 2.0 10.4
Windom Park 696 904 4082 12.2 15.9
Northeast Total 4976 5899 25106 13.8 16.4
Minneapolis Total 65556 61575 226743 18.5 17.4
NEIGHBORHOOD Persons in Persons Between Persons Over Percent Percent Between
1980 Poverty Poverty 100-200% of 200% of Poverty Poor 100-200% Poverty
Poverty
Audubon Park 375 1065 4410 6.4 18.2
Beltrami 179 254 583 17.6 25.0
Bottineau 130 195 797 11.6 17.4
Columbia 80 218 1536 8.5 11.9
Holland 534 985 2728 12.6 23.2
Logan Park 289 515 1378 13.2 23.6
Marshall Terrace 150 220 950 11.4 16.7
Northeast Park 54 159 494 7.6 22.5
Sheridan 484 617 1825 16.5 21.1
St. Anthony East 286 356 1148 16.0 19.9
St. Anthony West 317 273 1444 15.6 13.4
Waite Park 361 725 4953 6.0 12.0
Windom Park 614 1109 4146 10.5 18.9
Northeast Total 3853 6691 26392 10.4 18.1
Minneapolis Total 48029 20558 286784 13.5 19.8
Table 8. Poverty Rates
NEIGHBORHOOD Persons in Persons in Change in
Poverty, Poverty 1990 Poor Persons
1980
1980-1990
Audubon Park 375 482 107
Beltrami 179 224 45
Bottineau 130 177 47
Columbia 80 80 0
Holland 534 932 398
Logan Park 289 599 310
Marshall Terrace 150 176 26
Northeast Park 54 101 47
Sheridan 484 634 150
St. Anthony East 286 481 195
St. Anthony West 317 278 -39
Waite Park 361 116 -245
Windom Park 614 696 82
Northeast Total 3853 4976 1123
Minneapolis Total 48029 65556 17527
NEIGHBORHOOD Percent Percent Change in %
Poor, 1980 Poor, 1990 of Persons
in Poverty
1980-1990
Audubon Park 6.4 76.8 2.1
Beltrami 17.6 74.1 2.2
Bottineau 11.6 68.9 2.9
Columbia 8.5 90.4 -3.6
Holland 12.6 56.5 12.0
Logan Park 13.2 47.2 15.5
Marshall Terrace 11.4 80.0 1.9
Northeast Park 7.6 49.7 6.2
Sheridan 16.5 74.4 6.1
St. Anthony East 16.0 57.5 6.8
St. Anthony West 15.6 108.0 -2.6
Waite Park 6.0 295.9 -4.0
Windom Park 10.5 86.9 1.7
Northeast Total 10.4 13.8 3.4
Minneapolis Total 13.5 18.5 5.0
Map 3. Poverty Rates (Graphic not included)
Table 9. Seniors in Poverty
NEIGHBORHOOD Seniors in Percent of Seniors in Percent of Change in
Pct.
Poverty 1990 Poor Seniors Poverty 1980 Poor Seniors Poor Seniors
1990 1980 1980-1990
Audubon Park 66 7.3 47 5.6 1.8
Beltrami 6 9.0 0 0.0 9.0
Bottineau 11 6.8 47 28.7 -21.8
Columbia 0 0.0 15 9.4 -9.4
Holland 108 19.8 67 10.7 9.2
Logan Park 49 14.8 123 30.0 -15.2
Marshall Terrace 13 5.7 35 15.3 -9.6
Northeast Park 0 0.0 18 13.0 -13.0
Sheridan 46 12.6 45 12.1 0.5
St. Anthony East 76 18.7 122 35.2 -16.5
St. Anthony West 73 17.3 92 23.9 -6.6
Waite Park 58 5.1 78 7.5 -2.4
Windom Park 182 18.7 220 19.1 -0.4
Northeast Total 688 10.9 909 14.4 -3.4
Minneapolis Total 4713 9.9 6638 11.6 -1.7
Employment
Full-Time Workers
The Census asked people how many weeks they had worked in the previous year. For this report, everyone who worked over 35 hours a week for 50-52 weeks is considered a full-time worker. Table 10 compares the proportion of all workers in each neighborhood in 1979 and 1989 who were full-time workers. The proportion of full-time workers rose dramatically in Northeast Park (17 percent) and dropped in Columbia (-9 percent) and Sheridan (-8 percent). The rise for the Northeast community was 1.7 percent, about half the Minneapolis increase (2.5 percent).
The rates ranged from a low of 45 percent in Beltrami to a high of 67 percent in Northeast Park. In 1979, 9 of the 13 neighborhoods had between 50 and 55 percent of those employed working full-time. In 1989, there were 8 neighborhoods in the same range, with 3 more up around 60 percent. Northeast Park went from the lowest rate in 1979 (49 percent) to the highest in 1989 (67 percent).
Table 10. Full Time Workers
NEIGHBORHOOD FT Workers FT Pct FT Pct FT Pct Change
1989 Workers 1989 1979 1979-89
1979
Audubon Park 1929 1693 56.3 51.5 4.7
Beltrami 293 330 44.8 54.3 -9.5
Bottineau 380 423 55.6 59.3 -3.8
Columbia 562 588 61.4 52.3 9.0
Holland 1078 1198 51.3 52.5 -1.2
Logan Park 569 666 50.5 53.9 -3.4
Marshall Terrace 435 366 54.1 51.5 2.6
Northeast Park 301 163 66.6 49.4 17.2
Sheridan 807 1052 50.4 58.0 -7.6
St. Anthony East 601 528 50.0 54.4 -4.4
St. Anthony West 784 631 56.7 51.3 5.5
Waite Park 2000 1918 59.9 53.4 6.5
Windom Park 2102 1892 58.4 56.8 1.6
Northeast Total 11841 11448 55.6 53.9 1.7
Minneapolis Total 112447 105989 50.6 48.1 2.5
Laborers
Another question involved the type of occupations held by workers. Some studies have indicated that the number of jobs for unskilled laborers has decreased. Table 11 shows the proportion of workers employed as laborers in 1979 and 1989. In 7 of the 13 neighborhoods, the number of laborers declined during the decade. In 8 cases, the percentage of the workforce employed as laborers also declined. In 1 case (Windom Park), the number of laborers increased slightly (13) while the percent of labor force declined (-1 percent). Northeast Park almost doubled its percentage of laborers (2.3 to 4.5 percent), though the actual numbers are very small (from 7 to 19). Across all 13 neighborhoods, the number of laborers declined by 143, while the percentage employed as laborers dropped about 1 percent overall. In Minneapolis as a whole, the rate dropped even less (about two thirds of a percent).
Table 11. Laborers
NEIGHBORHOOD Laborer Pct Laborer Pct Change in Pct.
s Laborers s Laborers
1990 1990 1980 1980 Laborers, 80-90
Audubon Park 101 3.3 175 5.8 -2.5
Beltrami 21 3.7 17 3.1 0.7
Bottineau 52 8.2 36 5.6 2.6
Columbia 56 6.7 76 8.0 -1.3
Holland 52 2.8 75 3.9 -1.1
Logan Park 52 5.5 42 3.7 1.8
Marshall Terrace 37 5.4 53 8.2 -2.8
Northeast Park 19 4.5 7 2.3 2.2
Sheridan 115 7.9 102 6.8 1.1
St. Anthony East 40 3.9 82 9.3 -5.4
St. Anthony West 39 3.1 44 3.9 -0.8
Waite Park 90 3.1 121 3.9 -0.8
Windom Park 125 4.0 112 5.1 -1.1
Northeast Total 799 4.3 942 5.2 -1.0
Minneapolis Total 6016 3.1 7230 3.8 -0.7
White Collar/Blue Collar
The percent of white collar workers (those in professional, managerial, sales or clerical jobs) increased in 11 of the 13 Northeast neighborhoods (Table 12). Waite Park and Windom Park had the highest proportions of white collar workers (62 and 63 percent), while Beltrami and Bottineau had the lowest rates (40 and 41 percent). The highest number of white collar workers lived in Windom Park, Audubon Park and Waite Park (over 1800 each), while the lowest numbers lived in Northeast Park and Beltrami (196 and 226 respectively). The percent of white collar workers in the city as a whole increased by 4.6 percent, and in Northeast by 4.3 percent. In 1980 none of the 13 neighborhoods had as high a proportion of white collar workers as the city overall. In 1990 only St. Anthony West (67 percent) was above the city average of 66 percent.
Table 12. White Collar Workers
NEIGHBORHOOD White Pct White White Pct White Change in Pct.
Collar Collar
Workers Collar Workers Workers Collar Workers White Collar
1990 1990 1980 1980 Workers
Audubon Park 1871 61.0 1664 54.6 6.34
Beltrami 226 40.1 275 49.4 -9.23
Bottineau 262 41.5 256 40.0 1.52
Columbia 412 49.3 425 44.9 4.42
Holland 999 53.9 939 48.9 4.98
Logan Park 493 52.3 592 52.5 -0.19
Marshall Terrace 299 43.7 242 37.5 6.19
Northeast Park 196 46.8 121 40.5 6.31
Sheridan 687 47.2 679 45.0 2.22
St. Anthony East 546 53.7 400 45.4 8.28
St. Anthony West 835 67.1 651 58.2 8.84
Waite Park 1810 62.3 1762 56.5 5.78
Windom Park 1945 62.2 1754 60.3 1.88
Northeast Total 10581 56.4 9760 52.2 4.29
Minneapolis Total 126473 65.7 116552 61.1 4.59
Unemployment
At the same time, unemployment rates also grew in 9 of the 13 neighborhoods (see Table 13). Unemployment in 1990 ranged from a high of 9 percent in Beltrami and Logan Park to 4 percent or under in Audubon Park and St. Anthony West. The largest number of unemployed residents were in Holland, Waite Park and Windom Park, and the smallest numbers were in Northeast Park and Bottineau. In 1980 Northeast residents overall had an unemployment rate very close to that for the entire city (4.6 to 4.8 percent). By 1990, however, the city overall rate had increased by 50 percent from 4.8 to 7.2. The rate in Northeast increased only from 4.6 to 6.0 percent. In both 1980 and 1990 there were 4 Northeast neighborhoods with unemployment rates over the city average, though the neighborhoods were different. Unemployment rates increased dramatically in Beltrami, Logan Park and St. Anthony East as they joined Holland in exceeding the city average unemployment. In Bottineau, Columbia and Marshall Terrace, on the other hand, rates dropped to below the city average.
Table 13. Employment Data
NEIGHBORHOOD Unemployed Percent Unemployed Percent Change in
1990 Unemployed 1980 Unemployed Pct Unemployed
1990 1980 1980-1990
Audubon Park 116 3.6 102 3.2 0.4
Beltrami 58 9.3 16 2.8 6.5
Bottineau 29 4.4 39 5.7 -1.3
Columbia 46 5.2 57 5.7 -0.5
Holland 162 8.0 182 8.7 -0.7
Logan Park 97 9.3 49 4.2 5.1
Marshall Terrace 36 5.0 54 7.7 -2.7
Northeast Park 26 5.8 15 4.8 1.0
Sheridan 98 6.3 48 3.1 3.2
St. Anthony East 81 7.4 27 3.0 4.4
St. Anthony West 52 4.0 43 3.7 0.3
Waite Park 159 5.2 141 4.3 0.9
Windom Park 158 4.8 139 4.6 0.2
Northeast Total 1118 6.0 912 4.6 1.4
Minneapolis Total 13781 7.2 9713 4.8 2.4
Immigrants
The 1990 Census data reported the number of residents who were born in other countries. The comparison of 1980 and 1990 data (Table 14) shows that the number of immigrants increased by over 25 percent in Bottineau and by over 15 percent in Beltrami and Logan Park. The largest increases in numbers of immigrants were in St. Anthony West and Bottineau (101 and 100). The greatest decreases were in Audubon Park (-108) and Windom Park (-64). The percentage of immigrants declined 3 percent in Audubon Park and by 1 percent in Windom Park. In half of the neighborhoods (6), the change in percentage of immigrants was less than 1 percent plus or minus.
The total number of immigrants in Northeast Minneapolis increased by 180 (about 0.3%). In comparison, the percentage of immigrants for Minneapolis overall increased by more than 1 percent during the decade of the 1980's. Northeast neighborhoods together had an immigrant percentage slightly below that for the city overall in 1980 (4.7 percent to 4.9 percent) and the gap had widened by 1990 (5 percent Northeast versus 6.1 percent overall).
Table 14. Immigrants
NEIGHBORHOOD Immigrants Percent Immigrants Percent Change in Change in %
Residents, Immigrants 1980 Immigrants Immigrants Immigrants
1990 1990 1980 1980-90 1980-90
Audubon Park 95 3.2 203 6.1 -108 -2.9
Beltrami 82 22.2 14 5.4 68 16.8
Bottineau 140 32.0 40 6.4 100 25.6
Columbia 40 4.3 52 4.0 -12 0.3
Holland 87 5.4 144 5.6 -57 -0.1
Logan Park 197 28.3 116 9.9 81 18.4
Marshall Terrace 70 11.5 94 12.0 -24 -0.4
Northeast Park 12 4.7 11 2.5 1 2.2
Sheridan 176 17.0 137 13.2 39 3.8
St. Anthony East 157 17.2 153 16.7 4 0.4
St. Anthony West 373 29.6 272 21.6 101 8.0
Waite Park 176 5.0 125 3.6 51 1.5
Windom Park 293 10.6 357 12.9 -64 -2.3
Northeast Total 1898 5.0 1718 4.7 180 0.3
Minneapolis 22624 6.1 18260 4.9 4364 1.2
Total
Vehicles Available
The 1990 Census asked how many cars or pick-up trucks are available for use by residents of each household. Table 15 shows that the percentage of households without vehicles dropped in every neighborhood except Sheridan, where it rose by three percent. The number of households without vehicles actually increased in both Sheridan and St. Anthony East, but the overall increase in households in St. Anthony East meant a decline in the percentage. Across the 13 neighborhoods, the number of households with vehicles increased by 694 and the percentage of households without cars dropped by over 4 percent. This was somewhat higher than the decline for all of Minneapolis (under 3 percent). This decline came even though the community as a whole in 1980 was already more likely to own vehicles than the rest of the city (77 percent to 74 percent).
Logan Park and St. Anthony East had the highest rates of households without vehicles (31 percent), and Windom Park had the highest number of those households (542). The lowest rate and lowest number of households without cars or trucks were both in Columbia (7.5 percent and 50). There were 4 neighborhoods in which over one in four households lacked vehicles (Holland, Logan Park, Sheridan and St, Anthony East).
Table 15. Households Without Vehicles
NEIGHBORHOOD Households Pct. Hhlds Households Pct. Hhlds Change in Pct
W/out Vehicles W/out Vehicles W/out Vehicles W/out Vehicles W/out Vehicles
1990 1990 1980 1980
Audubon Park 288 12.1 423 17.4 -5.3
Beltrami 89 20.5 117 27.1 -6.6
Bottineau 82 16.2 181 32.8 -16.6
Columbia 50 7.5 68 10.4 -2.9
Holland 433 24.9 512 27.3 -2.4
Logan Park 295 30.8 312 32.1 -1.3
Marshall Terrace 109 18.4 124 20.6 -2.2
Northeast Park 53 15.1 67 20.1 -5.0
Sheridan 365 28.1 342 25.0 3.1
St. Anthony East 338 31.4 289 31.7 -0.3
St. Anthony West 216 20.6 363 35.4 -14.8
Waite Park 255 10.6 295 12.2 -1.6
Windom Park 542 19.1 716 25.9 -6.8
Northeast Total 3115 19.1 3809 23.3 -4.2
Minneapolis Total 36733 22.9 41627 25.7 -2.8
High School Graduates
The percentage of residents with high school diplomas was higher in 1990 than 1980 for all 13 neighborhoods, reflecting a general rise across the city as a whole (Table 16). The major reason is that the rate of high school completion has been steadily increasing since World War I, and there are fewer older adults who did not finish high school in the early parts of this century. The adult population now contains more people born in the post-World War II period, most of whom did graduate from high school.
The highest percentage of residents with high school degrees is 84 percent in both Audubon Park and Northeast Park. The highest numbers are in Waite Park, Audubon Park and Windom Park. The lowest percentage of residents with a high school degree is 70 percent, found in both Marshall Terrace and St. Anthony East. The lowest number of high school graduates is 425 in Northeast Park; however, Northeast Park also showed the largest increase in the percentage of graduates since 1980 (31 percent), while Beltrami had the smallest increase (8 percent).
Northeast Minneapolis in 1980 had a lower percentage of high school graduates than the city as a whole (66 to 75 percent), but saw a greater increase in its rate over the decade (from 8 to 11 percent). Nonetheless, in 1990, the Northeast community still had a lower percentage of graduates than Minneapolis overall, 77 percent compared to 83 percent.
The numbers for Northeast Park suggest two explanations for these changes. In 1980, there were 162 residents age 15-24 in Northeast Park compared to 132 in the 25-34 group. So the number of residents over 25 increased naturally by 30. At the same time, the 1990 total for the age group 25-34 was 200, suggesting a net increase of nearly 40 new residents in that age group alone. Thus, a large number of high school graduates moved into the neighborhood and a large group of younger graduates aged into the 25 and over age category during the decade.
Table 16. High School Graduates
NEIGHBORHOOD 1990 HS 1990 Pct. 1980 HS 1980 Pct. Change in Pct
Graduates High School Graduates High School High School
Over Age 25 Graduates Over 25 Graduates Grads, 1980-90
Audubon Park 3304 83.5 2742 71.0 12.5
Beltrami 500 73.9 348 65.9 8.0
Bottineau 565 70.4 423 57.8 12.6
Columbia 888 78.0 742 69.8 8.2
Holland 1809 70.4 1575 60.4 10.0
Logan Park 1075 71.0 884 59.1 11.9
Marshall Terrace 638 69.8 524 60.7 9.1
Northeast Park 425 83.7 228 53.0 30.7
Sheridan 1375 74.4 1026 56.9 17.5
St. Anthony East 997 69.5 691 56.8 12.7
St. Anthony West 1344 73.6 893 64.5 9.1
Waite Park 3512 82.0 3462 73.3 8.7
Windom Park 3292 79.5 2692 68.5 11.0
Northeast Total 19724 77.0 16230 66.0 11.0
Minneapolis Total 201228 82.6 173721 74.8 7.8
Housing
Most of the homes and apartments in Northeast were built before 1940 (Table 17). In 3 neighborhoods (Holland, Audubon Park and Bottineau), over 70 percent of housing units were over 50 years old in 1990. The fewest older homes are found in Columbia and Waite Park, where fewer than 30 percent were built before 1940. In both of these neighborhoods, more housing was built in the 1950's than any other decade. Homes in Northeast Minneapolis are more likely to be pre-1940 than those in the city overall (56 percent compared to 47 percent). Minneapolis overall had 8,190 units or 7 percent of the total built during the 1980's, compared to only 4 percent in Northeast.
The 13 neighborhoods differ considerably in the percentage of residents who are home owners (Table 18). The extremes range from 87 percent ownership in Columbia and Waite Park to around 30 percent in Logan Park and St. Anthony East (Map 4). Homeownership rates increased by over 10 percent since 1980 in both Beltrami and St. Anthony West. Homeownership has been higher in Northeast Minneapolis than the rest of the city since 1980, although there was a slight decline during the decade in the 13 neighborhoods.
The largest number of homeowners lived in Waite Park (2,098) and Audubon Park (1,738). The lowest number lived in Northeast Park (172).
The highest median rents (half of all renters pay over this amount) was in Columbia ($531), while another 4 neighborhoods had median rents around $450 in 1990 (Map 5). Seven (7) of the 13 neighborhoods had median rents higher than that for the city overall ($424). The lowest median rents were in St. Anthony East ($384) and three other neighborhoods (Bottineau, St. Anthony West and Windom Park) had median rents around $415. Table 18 shows that In 1980 median rents were highest in Waite Park and Columbia ($245 and $240) and they were lowest in Logan Park ($168) and Bottineau ($185). In that year only two neighborhoods had median rents higher than those for Minneapolis as a whole ($227).
Table 17. Housing Age Data
NEIGHBORHOOD Home Owners Pct. Home Owners Pct. Change in
Owners Owners Pct
1990 1990 1980 1980 Home Owners
Audubon Park 1738 72.8 1723 70.9 1.9
Beltrami 235 54.0 175 40.6 13.4
Bottineau 234 46.3 264 47.8 -1.5
Columbia 582 86.9 559 85.6 1.3
Holland 931 53.4 946 50.4 3.0
Logan Park 290 30.2 349 35.9 -5.6
Marshall Terrace 367 61.9 375 62.4 -0.5
Northeast Park 172 48.9 178 53.5 -4.6
Sheridan 514 39.5 556 40.7 -1.2
St. Anthony East 320 29.7 337 37.0 -7.2
St. Anthony West 494 47.2 371 36.2 10.9
Waite Park 2098 86.9 2188 90.3 -3.4
Windom Park 1305 46.0 1348 48.7 -2.8
Northeast Total 9280 56.9 9369 57.3 -0.5
Minneapolis Total 79845 49.7 79655 49.2 0.5
Table 18. Homeowner Data
NEIGHBORHOOD Median Rent Median Pct Change in
Rent
1990 1980 Median Rent
1980-1990
Audubon Park $445 $210 112
Beltrami $451 $206 119
Bottineau $415 $185 124
Columbia $531 $240 121
Holland $429 $206 108
Logan Park $420 $168 150
Marshall Terrace $446 $221 102
Northeast Park $428 $189 126
Sheridan $423 $195 117
St. Anthony East $384 $152 153
St. Anthony West $414 $191 117
Waite Park $449 $245 83
Windom Park $418 $191 119
Northeast Total NA NA
Minneapolis $424 $227 87
Total
Map 4. Homeowners by Neighborhood (Graphic not included)
Map 5. Median Rents (Graphic not included)
Table 19. Median Rents
NEIGHBORHOOD Built Built Built Built Built Built TOTAL Pct
in in in in in Built
1980's 1970's 1960's 1950's 1940's Pre-194 Pre-194
0 0
Audubon Park 34 39 125 176 286 1834 2494 73.5
Beltrami 130 57 17 25 13 243 485 50.1
Bottineau 18 20 45 48 27 375 533 70.4
Columbia 9 6 61 270 126 198 670 29.6
Holland 53 110 61 149 100 1423 1896 75.1
Logan Park 12 149 60 45 89 690 1045 66.0
Marshall Terrace 9 71 60 73 41 379 633 59.9
Northeast Park 5 22 50 75 23 193 368 52.4
Sheridan 22 95 67 185 89 953 1411 67.5
St. Anthony East 119 332 122 69 48 475 1165 40.8
St. Anthony West 138 140 141 68 28 577 1092 52.8
Waite Park 15 124 166 955 540 646 2446 26.4
Windom Park 133 360 297 200 362 1659 3011 55.1
Northeast Total 697 1525 1272 2338 1772 9645 17249 55.9
Minneapolis Total 8190 13651 14170 15905 10573 55094 117583 46.9